PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the French league winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.